• Developing and devising prototypes.
• Developing processes for scale-up to full production.
• Developing algorithms and software packages to support patient and staff systems.
• Improve or further improve performance or functionality of a medical device.
• Research and Development related to wireless monitoring or measurement devices.
• Developing products that collect data, provide medical accuracy, and allow patients to link their data to their standard medical records. 
• Design and development or experimentally developing 3-D printing of medical devices.
• Developing engineering solutions for robotic automation or developing software codes for the operation of a medical device, designing electrical equipment, and implementing processes or robotics.
• Carrying out of clinical tests conducted prior to commercialization, and generating prototypes for testing and validation.

Expenditures can include wages, third-party contractor cost (contractor performing R&D in EEA), materials, machinery, equipment, and overheads.